Hot Skin Care Ingredients - Nicotinamide

Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin. The most well-known effect of niacinamide is whitening, and in fact, in addition to whitening, it also has a variety of skin care benefits. Among the many advertised effects, the effects that have been confirmed by human clinical trials are: 1, antioxidant; 2, anti-inflammatory; 3, whitening; 4, anti-aging; 5. Treat acne.

Antioxidation

After the skin is stimulated by ultraviolet rays, radiation, pollutants, inflammation and other internal and external stimuli, it will produce "oxidative stress", and the imbalance of oxidation and antioxidant effects in the body will lead to neutrophil inflammatory infiltration, increased protease secretion, and the production of a large number of oxidative intermediates. "Oxidative stress" is an important factor in skin aging.

Niacinamide acts as a cell protectant that protects cells from damage during "oxidative stress" in a special way. Niacinamide can inhibit the production of free radicals (ROS) by keratinocytes stimulated by pollution particles, inhibit the oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA, and reduce the cytotoxicity, inflammation and pigmentation of skin after ultraviolet irradiation. A large number of in vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that niacinamide has a good antioxidant effect.

Anti-inflammatory effect

Inflammation is one of the culprits behind skin aging, freckles and acne. Nicotinamide inhibits the activity of intracellular inflammatory mediators interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-8 by regulating nuclear factor (NF)-KALB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and weakens the synthesis of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins.

In clinical trials, "5% nicotinamide" pretreatment reduced erythema caused by ultraviolet radiation and significantly reduced UV-induced inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effects of niacinamide can play an important role in skin care.

Whitening effect

In vitro experiments have confirmed that niacinamide can not inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, but it can affect the cellular communication between melanocytes and keratinocytes, inhibit melanin transport, and thus achieve the role of whitening. Japanese scholar Hakozaki found that niacinamide has an inhibitory rate of 35-68% on the transport of melanosomes to keratinocytes.

In a clinical trial conducted in Japan, 79 women with facial stains were randomly divided into 2 groups, one side of the face was used 5% nicotinamide, 2% nicotinamide moisturizer, and the other side was used as a control, twice a day for 8 weeks, 2% nicotinamide did not improve facial pigmentation significantly, and 5% nicotinamide showed significant improvement.

In a comparative trial of niacinamide and hydroquinone, 27 patients with melasma were randomly treated with preparations, one group with 4% niacinamide and the other with 4% hydroquinone cream, applied every morning and evening for 8 weeks, and results showed that all patients showed pigmentation improvement with both treatment regimens. Good to very good improvement was observed in 44% of patients using nicotinamide, compared to 55% in the hydroquinone group.

Nicotinamide is water-soluble, stable, not easy to oxidize and deteriorate, affordable, and has a definite whitening effect, which makes nicotinamide one of the most exposed whitening ingredients.

Anti-aging effect

Collagen and elastin are key components of skin that maintain elasticity and firmness. In human skin, types I, III, and V make up 80-90%, 8-12%, and less than 5% of the total collagen, respectively. Changes in the content and structure of collagen and elastin are the main causes of skin aging, sagging, sagging and wrinkles.

Niacinamide can increase the expression of collagen (type I, III and V), elastin and cellulose (1 and 2), promote the production of collagen and elastin, reduce the activity of metalloproteinase and elastin, prevent the breakdown of collagen and elastin, and play an anti-aging role.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative study. Just 4% niacinamide reduced pores and skin irregularity after 8 weeks and improved wrinkles after 12 weeks.

Acne-removing effect

Niacinamide has anti-inflammatory effects, can inhibit phosphodiesterase and/or mast cell degranulation, can directly inhibit histamine receptor and histamine release, and inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis, inhibit lymphocyte transformation and gene regulation.

Shalita et al. applied 4% niacinamide gel in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris and achieved a good effect. Seventy-six patients with moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris were randomly treated with 4% niacinamide gel or 1% clindamycin gel twice daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment, patients in both groups improved.

In the niacinamide treatment group, 82% of patients improved, acne rash (pimples/pustules) decreased by 60% and acne severity decreased by 52%, while in the clindamycin treatment group, 68% of patients improved, acne rash (pimples/pustules) decreased by 43% and acne severity decreased by 43%. 4% niacinamide gel has strong anti-inflammatory activity without the risk of bacterial resistance.

In a clinical trial conducted in China, self-made 4% niacinamide gel was used for external use, once in the morning and once in the evening, to treat 55 cases of inflammatory acne. Results The effective rate was 81.81%, which was significantly better than the placebo group.

In summary, niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a water-soluble vitamin, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, whitening, anti-aging, acne and other skin care effects, is a "universal oil" skin care ingredients.

Hot Skin Care Ingredients - Nicotinamide