The Science Behind Key Skincare Ingredients What Works and Why

• Introduction: Decoding ingredient labels for effective routines.

• Section 1: Antioxidants Powerhouse

◦ Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): collagen synthesis, UV protection, stability issues (serum vs. cream).

◦ Vitamin E: moisturizing, synergies with C, natural sources (sunflower seed oil).

◦ Niacinamide (B3): pore reduction, redness relief, dosage considerations (5% vs. 10%).

• Section 2: Exfoliants: Chemical vs. Physical

◦ AHAs (glycolic, lactic acid): surface exfoliation, pH levels, sun sensitivity.

◦ BHAs (salicylic acid): oil-soluble, acne treatment, blackhead removal.

◦ Enzymes (papain, bromelain): gentle alternatives for sensitive skin.

• Section 3: Moisturizing Heroes

◦ Hyaluronic acid: molecular weight effects (low vs. high MW for deep hydration).

◦ Ceramides: skin barrier repair, lipid ratios in formulations.

◦ Humectants vs. occlusives vs. emollients: how they work together.

• Section 4: Anti-Aging Agents

◦ Retinol (vitamin A): collagen production, retinol tolerance (start low, use at night), peeling risks.

◦ Peptides: signal peptides (Matrixyl) vs. carrier peptides (Argireline), clinical studies on wrinkle reduction.

• Conclusion: Building a layered routine with ingredient compatibility (e.g., avoiding retinol + AHAs).